Historical Development of Cosmetics
In the 10 millennium BC, a number of oils and essences were used in Ancient Egypt to remove old age wrinkles and moisturize the body. In the 4 millennium BC, copper and ore powders were applied to the cheeks and green copper powder was applied to the eyes to highlight the eyes. In the 3 millennium BC, a number of powders and paints were used for beauty and health in ancient Greece and China. In short, cosmetics have always existed as long as people exist.
In the tenth century, Ibn Sina applied the first distillation methods and these methods were brought to Europe by the Crusaders and the first perfumes began to be produced. During the Renaissance, cosmetic products were only used by aristocrats. The use of arsenic instead of lead in some powders in cosmetics started in this period. In the fifteenth century, dangerous chemicals were used in cosmetics in order to make the hair look yellow and lighten the skin color. By the time of 1800, lead was found to cause muscle paralysis and death, and instead of lead, zinc oxide, which is commonly used in cosmetic production today, was found to be safer.
Beginning from the nineteenth century, the bath culture began to develop in the Ottoman period and some fragrant plants were added to the wash water. Cream and moisturizing agents were started to be used by rose petals. The requirement of one-year roses of the Ottoman palace was 88 tons. Likewise, olive oil soaps for deodorant purposes were also produced.
Aluminum chloride has been used in 1900 and alkydohydrate in 1940 has been used in cosmetics. Especially after the First World War oily ointments and various powders started to take their place in the cosmetic sector.
Since the 1950 years, the cosmetic sector has begun to grow and grow, followed by the emergence and expansion of multinational companies. It was also during this period that Aeorosol production increased and the ozone layer started to suffer and the Kyoto protocol was made. On the one hand, new products such as bronzer products, hair sprays and hair dyes were introduced to the market, while responsibility projects were heard and patent processes were started to be given importance.
Since the 1990 years, antiaging (anti-aging) cosmetics have become widespread in the cosmetics sector, the production of cosmetics that do not harm the nature has started to be expressed more, organic hair dyes have been produced, special shampoos without sodium lauryl ether sulphate and sodium lauryl sulphate have been started to be produced and nanotechnological cosmetic production has increased. and sun protection has increased due to skin cancers, legal regulations have been made regarding cosmetic production and clinical studies have begun to be focused on.
The limits and major microbiological safety standards in cosmetic production today are:
- Escherichia coli ATCC 35218
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853
- Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
- Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311
- Candida albicans ATCC 10231
Today, advanced emulsion systems are used in cosmetics called new generation. Examples are micro-nano emulsions or multiple emulsions.
It is a fact that cosmetic products have always been popular since the first people. It is necessary to avoid excessive and unrealistic claims, to design based on real data based on scientific evidence and to inform consumers accurately. Product safety assessments of cosmetics must be performed correctly and by authorized persons and organizations. Before starting production, the manufacturing companies must ensure that the raw materials supplied are analyzed by the suppliers and request their reports. These studies must be conducted with unbiased and scientific academic methods.
What is ISO 22716 Cosmetic Quality Management System?
As can be seen, the reliability of cosmetic products is not only a concern for cosmetic producers, suppliers, wholesalers, retailers and of course consumers. The authorities should not be neglected here.
ISO 22716 Cosmetic Quality Management System has emerged from such a need. Designed by the International Standards Organization (ISO), this system was published in 2007 to meet the needs of the cosmetics industry and to create a model for good manufacturing practices for businesses in the cosmetics and personal care products industry. In our country, this standard has been published by Turkish Standards Institute with the title of TS EN ISO 22716 Cosmetics - Good Manufacturing Practices - Guide.
Cosmetic products have a negative impact on the environment while directly affecting human health. Therefore, it is necessary to produce under reliable conditions and standards.
The ISO 22716 standard focuses on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) standards, which are commonly used by pharmaceutical and food industry businesses. This standard mainly introduces a Quality Management System approach in the production, testing and packaging of cosmetic products.
The companies that establish and implement ISO 22716 Cosmetic Quality Management System in their enterprises apply to an accredited certification body and pass the necessary audits and gain profitable if they obtain ISO 22716 certificate. Namely,
- ISO 22716 certification gives the organization a reputation in the market
- The prestige of the organization is rising and it is advantageous in the struggle with its competitors
- Compliance with legal regulations in force
- The organization is always ready for inspections carried out by the Ministry of Health
- Employee motivation and commitment to the organization is increasing
- The costs of the organization decrease and productivity increases
- The organization gains competitive power in international markets as well.
What Does the Cosmetic Regulation Bring?
The Cosmetics Regulation was issued by the Ministry of Health based on the Cosmetics Law enacted on 2005. The main purpose of this regulation is to ensure that cosmetic products reach the consumer with understandable and accurate information in a way that will not mislead people and harm human health. In order to achieve this, this regulation is to regulate the principles for the technical specifications of the cosmetic products, packaging information, production site inspections, their placing on the market, surveillance and inspections in the market and the measures to be taken at the end of the inspections.
Cosmetic companies have already proved that they are producing in compliance with these legal requirements if they apply ISO 22716 standard in their companies.
