First of all, let's explain what the network means. All connected electrical installations with the same rated voltage network called. Electric grid is a composite network created to transmit the generated electrical energy to users. It consists of power plants generating electrical power, transmission lines that transfer energy from generation sources to demand centers, and composite distribution lines that provide connection to users. Power plants where electrical energy is produced are generally located far from residential units. In some places there are even no stations. Therefore, the energy produced must be delivered and transmitted to settlements. To the networks used in transmission transmission networks, distribution networks. distribution networks It called. Electricity transmission and distribution networks should be suitable for the uninterrupted and reliable transmission and distribution of energy from generation of electricity to consumption.
The most suitable and used network systems according to their distribution types are:
► Branched networks
► Ring networks
► Mesh networks
► Interconnected networks
Branched Networks
It is the type of network that is fed from a single source in settlements and city centers, villages and towns and whose distribution shape is similar to tree branches. In branched networks, transformers are placed in the center of gravity of the place where the distribution will be made. It reaches the receivers around the transformer to be transmitted (street lamps, apartments, shops, etc.), like the branches of a tree, first into thick branches and then into thin branches and reach the final receiver.
The lines with thick sections used in the parts close to the distribution transformer in branched networks are called main lines. The transmission lines (branches) in the branches that get thinner as they move away from the transformer and are transmitted to the end receiver are called branch lines.
Ring Networks
Ring network is the type of network applied in cities, towns, villages and industrial centers where the feeding is made with more than one transformer and all transformers are formed by a closed system parallel to each other. Since the supply is made with more than one transformer in ring networks, in case of a malfunction in the ring, only the part with the fault will be out of order, many receivers will not be without energy. In addition, the facility cost is high.
Networked Networks
It is the type of network that is applied to city centers, towns and villages where energy needs to be transmitted, feeding is made with more than one transformer, and the eyes are formed by weaving the lines that feed the receivers like a net. In mesh networks, feeding is made with continuous transformers and when a fault occurs, only the fault part remains de-energized. In case of failure, fuse or special protection elements are activated. Such networks can also be connected to the system with powerful receivers as well as uninterrupted energy. Its disadvantages are that it is difficult to operate and maintain and that the short circuit current effect is large.
Interconnected Networks
The energy transport system that provides the energy exchange between the production and consumption centers in a way that can meet the electrical energy needs of the whole or certain regions of a country that enters our language with the word interconnect (a network that connects those carrying electrical or machine power) is called an interconnected system. In this type of networks, all electricity production and consumption tools in that region are included in the system without making any distinction between big and small. The connection between electricity generation plants, which are generally far from each other, and consumption centers (city centers, villages, towns and industrial centers) is provided by transmission networks and interconnected systems.
When we call the electricity network, it is understood that a network created to convey the generated electricity to consumers. The electricity network consists of the following elements:
- Electrical power generating plants
- Transmission lines that transfer this electrical energy to distribution centers
- Composite distribution lines that provide electrical connection to consumers
In order to be economically viable, power plants are built to a large size and are generally installed in dams, easily accessible to fuel sources, or in areas close to renewable energy sources, but mostly away from residential areas. The electricity generated in these areas is transferred to the transmission and distribution network by increasing the voltage. In this way, energy is transported very far from the point where it is produced and sometimes outside the borders of the country. The energy transported in this way is delivered to the energy distribution centers. Distribution centers are generally the organizations that operate the regional distribution network. The voltage of the incoming electrical energy is reduced to the distribution voltage level. Then, the voltage of the electrical energy reaching the service center from the energy distribution network is reduced to the required voltage level.
In electrical power systems, changes in the voltage and frequency of the grid and waveform disturbances in the current drawn from the grid indicate energy quality. Most electrical devices are not sensitive to mains voltage and frequency variations. At the same time, devices controlled by electronic circuits, which are widely used in recent years, are very sensitive to energy quality. The complex circuits inside these devices are highly affected by disturbances in the network. In order to avoid such harmful consequences, the mains voltage values must be within the specified limits. Mains voltage measurements are made for this purpose.
In particular, electronic devices are not resistant to overvoltages. Although measures are taken to ensure adequate protection during production, these devices are affected by voltage fluctuations and may malfunction. If a capacitor in the network or a plant is switched off or commissioned, high-frequency components are generated in the voltage, which causes the devices to malfunction.
Our company, within the framework of electrical safety inspections, performs network voltage measurements in accordance with the relevant legal regulations, standards and test methods published by domestic and foreign organizations. In this regard, our company (TÜRCERT) has been accredited in accordance with TS EN ISO / IEC 17025 standard.
