Which Underwater Inspections Are Performed?
Almost all living things need oxygen to live. An important part of the oxygen in the water occurs from the atmosphere, a small part of the plants and especially the phytoplankton called free floating in the water is caused by the change of small plant cells. Oxygen in the water is vital for sea creatures.
If the oxygen in the water is not replaced, there is a serious lack of oxygen, especially for fish. Very active fish such as mackerel, acorn and tuna and cold water fish require a lot of oxygen. However, fish such as flounder, scorpion fish and stingray can live on the surface and in places where oxygen is low.
Pollution of seas, lakes and rivers causes a decrease in oxygen. The main cause of pollution is the waste water irresponsibly released into these waters. Oxygen depletion is due to organic substances found in sewage and industrial wastes left in these waters. In addition, deposits at the bottom, which are rich in organic matter, and degradation of plants in water cause low oxygen.
Natural conditions balance oxygen in water in contact with air. Depending on the surface width of the water and the effect of evaporation, cooling and winds, oxygen in the air passes to some water.
As the water warms up, the amount of oxygen in it begins to decrease. This is particularly dangerous for moving fish that require excess oxygen. In the same way, the increase in the salinity of the water means the dissolution of oxygen and the decrease in the amount.
These measurements include measurements of the amount of oxygen (BOD measurements) required for the degradation of organic matter present in the water by microorganisms. In general, environmental engineers are closely involved. BOD (biological oxygen demand) values are needed especially when building and operating wastewater treatment plants. The high BOD value in the water means that the pollution level of these waters is high. The amount of biological oxygen demand in the water, the structure, number and adaptability of microorganisms, the density of organic matter degrading in water, temperature, light and toxic substances in the water determine the substances.
In short, BOD, biological oxygen demand measurements are made to determine the amount of organic carbon in wastewater and to determine the organic loads coming to the treatment plants. These measurements are important to determine the time required to meet the biological oxygen demand in the booster plants and to ensure the efficient operation of the treatment plants.
The temperature changes of the waters in the sea and lakes do not happen suddenly as in the land. Changes in water temperature during the year are very important for water creatures. The temperature of the waters is effective for the spread of fish species in the seas. The diversity in marine fauna depends on the temperature of the water. Climate change due to global warming affects the life of marine creatures negatively. In order to follow the natural life in the water, it is necessary to measure the temperature levels under water and the temperature differences at certain depths of the water. Changes in water temperature in the seas are greater than in the oceans. In deep waters, the temperature difference is not much. At very large depths there is no temperature change.
The desired characteristics of sea water is important for the health of humans and animals as well as the health of animals and plants that live in the sea. The seas are over-cured, especially due to the fact that the wastewater of the works gives the receiving environment. To prevent this, Water Pollution Control Regulation has been issued. If there is a sea in and around the receiving environment where the enterprises discharge the wastewater, a number of measurements and tests are required to ensure the general quality criteria of the sea water annexed to the regulation.
There are many tests, measurements and analyzes carried out within this framework. Here are some of them: pH determination, temperature measurement, turbidity determination, color determination, salinity determination, suspended solids determination, determination of suspended solids, total dissolved solids determination, active, free and total chlorine determination, chromium + 6 determination, total phosphorus , determination of organic and inorganic phosphorus and phosphate, determination of various amounts of metals, determination of ammonium, determination of ammonia, determination of sulfur, determination of total nitrogen, determination of dissolved oxygen, determination of biological oxygen demand, determination of changeable sodium percentage, determination of free carbon dioxide, light transmission.
The legal basis of these works is the Water Pollution Control Regulation issued in 2004. This regulation aims to protect and use the groundwater and surface water resources correctly. It is aimed to prevent water pollution.
The scope of this regulation is determined as follows:
- Quality criteria and purposes of water environments
- Planning for the protection of water quality
- Wastewater discharge principles
- Principles related to wastewater infrastructure facilities
- Monitoring and control activities to prevent water pollution
Underwater Inspection What is the Basis?
All measurements, tests, analyzes, evaluations and inspections, regardless of the type of underwater inspection, should be carried out by accredited testing and inspection bodies.
During these studies, in addition to the legal regulations in force, standards issued by domestic and foreign organizations are also taken into consideration.
In all underwater inspection, measurement, test and analysis studies, underwater devices which can be used in all kinds of water depth are used with the support of risk based methods and current standards.
Underwater inspection studies are of course not limited to those listed above. Within this scope, underwater sections, hulls and buoy systems of pipelines of ships, boats and other vessels are also inspected and inspected. The services provided by test and inspection institutions include microstructure inspections of materials and welding regions of various marine vessels, determination of friction and fatigue of materials, thickness measurements, visual inspections and control of cathodic protection systems.
It is important for the validity of the reports issued that the institutions that will carry out underwater control and inspection studies are accredited from a domestic and foreign accreditation institution according to TS EN ISO / IEC 17025 standard.
