RF antennas (radio frequency antennas) are of two types, directional and omni-directional. In themselves, these also have different models. Directional antennas offer low, medium and high gain options with different beam widths. For example wide beam / low gain, narrow beam / high gain. Multi-directional antennas have options such as mobile antennas, medium gain fixed antennas and low gain portable antennas. RF antennas are resistant to UV rays and suitable for harsh environmental conditions such as base stations.
The most important standards for enterprises at international level are designed and published by two major organizations:
- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
- International Standards Organization (ISO)
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) works mainly in the fields of electricity and electronics. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) works mainly in the fields of mechanics. Today, more than 100 countries in the world are based on the standards developed by these two organizations.
According to the situation in Europe, EN standards are generally applied in European countries. These standards have been developed on the initiative of the European Union countries with the following two European standard bodies:
- European Standards Committee (CEN)
- European Committee of Electrotechnical Standards (CENELEC)
These two organizations form a framework for all domestic standard organizations in Europe. CENELEC develops standards for electrical and electronic engineering systems. Today, the International Standards Organization and the European Standards Committee carry out joint studies and developed numerous standards. EN IEC standards and EN ISO standards have emerged with these studies.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which is a full member of our country, is an international organization that prepares and publishes standards in the field of electricity, electronics and related technologies. IEC standards cover a wide range of office and household appliances, fiber optics, semiconductors, batteries, solar energy, energy and nanotechnology. These standards also include standards for antenna RF performance detection.
By the way, the IP code (Ingress Protection) application developed by the European Electrotechnical Standardization Committee is an international protection classification system. With this coding, the strength of electrical, electronic and mechanical devices against dust, water or external impacts, in short, against environmental conditions is expressed. The IP code is also tested during the performance tests of the antennas.
In these tests, the electromagnetic emission of the antenna, the reflection characteristics, the SWR standing wave ratio, the transmit power (dBm), the antenna gain (dBi) and the cable loss (dB) values are also determined. These tests, which are carried out by test and inspection bodies, are based on the domestic and foreign standards described above.
Here are some of the standards that have been harmonized by the Turkish Standards Institute in our country:
- Measurement methods for devices used in digital radio communication systems - Section 60835: Measurements in satellite earth stations - Section 3: Antenna
- Insulated boom antenna elements used in voltage operation exceeding TS EN 61057 1 kv AA
- Measurement methods for radio transmitters - Section 60244: External intermediate caused by two or more transmitters using the same or adjacent antenna - Modulation products
- Passive RF and microwave elements, Intermediate modulation level measurements - Part 62037: Measurement of passive intermediate modulation in antennas
- Standard for radio distortion and immunity measuring instruments and methods - Part 55016-1: Radio distortion and immunity measurement devices - Antennas and test locations for radiated distortion measurements
- Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated devices - Immunity characteristics - Limit values and measurement methods
