What is Electromagnetic Compatibility or Electromagnetic Compatibility?
With the increase in the number of electrical devices used in daily life, such as mobile phones or the sound systems used in automobiles, the amount of electromagnetic waves emitted by these devices increases. The electromagnetic waves have negative effects on other equipment. For example, noise from a firing system in a car can be reflected in the music system. Even high-frequency electromagnetic waves may interfere with the correct operation of systems that affect the vehicle's safe driving, such as the car's control units and ABS (anti-lock braking system) or ESP (electronic stability program). For this reason, some precautions should be taken to avoid problems. These measures are mainly in the field of Electromagnetic Compability (EMC).
All electrical or electronic devices produce some electromagnetic energy when operating. This energy has two effects:
- Electromagnetic interference (electromagnetic interference) is the effect of electrical or electronic devices or systems.
- Electromagnetic compatibility is the case when an electrical or electronic device or system continues to operate without interference in an electromagnetic environment (electromagnetic compability)
In other words, the effect of a television screen on a mobile phone is an electromagnetic interference. The fact that the television continues to operate unaffected by this mobile phone is electromagnetic compatibility.
The first Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulation (89 / 336 / AT), based on the EMC directive 89 / 336 / EEC issued by the European Union (XNUMX / XNUMX / AT), covers all electrical and electronic devices whose operation affects other devices or which are affected by the operation of other devices.
Pursuant to the aforementioned legislation, enterprises that produce electrical or electronic equipment must prove and guarantee that their products meet EMC requirements. Together with this legal regulation, it is prevented that such devices are not emitted or emitted by electromagnetic waves at an unacceptable level, but they are prevented from being affected by external electromagnetic waves while operating.
There are always examples of music systems, televisions or mobile phones, but there are many electronic systems in a car, for example. These systems include ABS (braking system), ESP (electronic stability program), cruise system (cruise control system), automatic distance warning system, automatic rain sensors, automatic headlight control systems, parking systems, remote keyless entry system, automatic gear shifting systems, navigation systems, night vision systems and electric parking brake. As such, the issue of electromagnetic compatibility is important in the automotive industry, in which all these electronic systems are compatible with each other. For example, the cruise control can be deactivated due to the electromagnetic field emitted by the navigation system. Whereas, electronic systems with electromagnetic compatibility are neither affected by another electronic system nor by any other electronic system.
What are Electromagnetic Compatibility Tests?
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) concept implies that electrical and electronic devices and systems can maintain their normal operation and be in harmony with each other in their electromagnetic environment without emitting very high electromagnetic waves. The types and capacities of electronic devices, in particular digital systems, are increasing day by day in both military and civilian environments. This situation inevitably disrupts the compatibility of these devices, and is increasingly evolving electromagnetic interference.
Although there are many ways to solve the problems of electromagnetic compatibility, the best solution is to try to avoid the problem at its source. Therefore, the design of electrical and electronic devices and systems must be such that they reduce the electromagnetic propagation. There is a lot of research on this subject. For example, it is no longer possible to design a computer card with just a circuit design program, as computer usage increases more each day. It is not only possible to place the elements on the printed circuit board, but also to ensure that the card meets the electromagnetic compatibility conditions.
Compliance with the electromagnetic compatibility has been made in all developed countries. The European Standards Committee (CEN) makes the necessary arrangements for product safety and electromagnetic compatibility in European Union countries.
Companies wishing to trade with countries applying legal regulations on electromagnetic compatibility are obliged to comply with the relevant legal regulations.
In our country, today, the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology has adopted the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2016 / 2014 / AB) published in 30 in order to regulate the electromagnetic compatibility of an electrical or electronic equipment and to ensure that this equipment is put on the market at an adequate level of electromagnetic compatibility. .
The annexes of this regulation include the basic requirements, the internal control of production (module A), the European Union type examination (module B), conformity to the type based on the internal control of production (module C) and the European Union declaration of conformity. Electromagnetic compatibility tests are carried out by the test and inspection bodies according to these principles.
There are several standards that are taken into account during these tests:
- TS EN 61000-6-1 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-1: Immunity standard for settlements, commercial and light industrial environments
- TS EN 61000-6-2 ... Section 6-2: General standards - Immunity for industrial environments
- TS EN 61000-6-3 ... Section 6-3: General standards - Emissions standard for residential, commercial and light industrial environments
- TS EN 61000-6-4 ... Section 6-4: General standards - standard for industrial environments
- TS EN 60601-1-2 Electrical and medical equipment - Part 1-2: General specifications for basic safety and performance - Complementary standard: Electromagnetic disturbances - Characteristics and tests
- Information technology devices - Immunity characteristics - Measurement methods and limits
- TS EN 62052-11 Electrical measuring equipment (AA) - General rules, tests and test conditions - Part 11: Counter
- TS EN 55014 Electromagnetic compatibility - Rules for household appliances, appliances and similar devices
- TS EN 61326 Electrical equipment for measuring, control and laboratory use - EMC requirements
